sigmafullpac
Ammonia Piping Installation Design
It's advised to study the Intro section firstly and strive to thesecond chapter. Opel zafira second-hand. Get haynes manual opel zafira pdf PDF file for free from our online libraryPDF file: haynes manual opel zafira pdf Page: 1.HAYNES MANUAL OPEL ZAFIRA PDFThe main topic of this pdf is mainly lined about HAYNES MANUAL OPEL ZAFIRA PDF and completed with allneeded and assisting information on the topic.
The trend of increased focus on energy conservation and sustainability is clear. Due to recent high pressure screw compressor developments, the industrial refrigeration industry is positioned to employ ammonia heat pump systems to harvest waste heat and to enhance the profitability and environmentally sound operation of food and beverage processing facilities.This paper details the development, design, installation and operation of an ammonia heat pump system at a food processing facility in Iowa.
The installation was completed as an addition to an existing industrial refrigeration system, and the savings generated by its operation are now occurring. These savings have been measured and will total hundreds of thousands of dollars annually.Iowa Facility ProjectThe facility in Davenport, Iowa, by conventional standards, had made significant investments in energy conservation. With years of leadership focus on energy savings, the plant already employed high efficiency boilers and invested to capture and recover boiler stack heat.Yet, like many food processing plants, they were paying for electrical energy to remove heat from their refrigerated spaces via an ammonia refrigeration system and rejecting that heat to the atmosphere. Additionally, they were paying for natural gas to add heat to hot water used for the hygienic cleaning of the facility.If the rejected heat could be captured and used to provide water heating, substantive amounts of energy would be saved. The highest pressures and temperatures in the refrigeration system (compressor discharge gas) provided the optimal source for heat to be transferred to the clean-up water. However, as ammonia refrigeration practitioners who have employed “heat reclaim” practices have noted, ammonia at typical condensing pressures while possessing large quantities of heat energy, condenses at relatively low temperatures 75-95F (24-35C).
Ammonia Piping Installation Design For Windows
As such, the transfer of this energy to city water, through conventional heat exchangers, to create 145-185F (63-85C) wash down water, is only effective for limited pre-heating of the cold water supply.If the refrigeration system compressor discharge gas, at relatively high pressures 180 psig (13.2 atm) could be fed directly into the suction of a “heat pump” compressor and compressed to even higher pressures i.e. 450-800 psig (32-55 atm), condensing this higher pressure ammonia with cold water in a heat exchanger would capture much larger quantities of heat energy than heat reclaim, and enable, in this case, the full temperature elevation of the cold water supply from 60F (15C) up to the 145F (63C) required for wash down.The requirement of the facility to have the wash down water classified as a potable supply presented another challenge, as local codes prohibit the use of potable water to be in direct heat exchange with ammonia. Employment of such an ammonia heat pump system would require the use of a secondary loop, thereby reducing the efficiency of heat transfer.Given the need for sustainable projects to clear the same internal rate of return hurdle as non-sustainable projects, the challenge was to define and justify the project. The project costs would include tapping into an existing ammonia refrigeration system, adding and installing a custom ammonia heat pump system and employing the electrical energy to operate the high pressure ammonia heat pump system. As will be discussed, the returns would include savings in reduced natural gas usage, as well as evaporative condenser electrical and water savings due to reductions in evaporative condenser loading.Project DefinitionBoiler stack economizers satisfy a base hot water load for the plant’s sanitation requirements.
Supplemental heat for hot water is also provided by a direct contact natural gas fired hot water heater.
: American National Standard for Equipment, Design and Installation of Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating SystemsAmerican National Standard for Equipment, Design & Installation of Ammonia Mechanical Refrigerating Systems. IIAR Ammonia Refrigeration Library, (1999). Applies to closed circuit mechanical refrigerating systems using ammonia as a refrigerant.